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其他编程语言环境 ​

本章节将指导你配置其他常用编程语言的开发环境，包括 Ruby、PHP、C/C++ 等。

📋 配置清单 ​

  • Ruby 环境
  • PHP 环境
  • C/C++ 环境
  • 其他语言

1. Ruby 环境 ​

安装 Ruby ​

macOS ​

bash
# 安装 rbenv
brew install rbenv ruby-build
bash
# 初始化 rbenv
rbenv init
bash
# 安装 Ruby
rbenv install 3.2.0
rbenv global 3.2.0

Windows ​

powershell
# 使用 Chocolatey 安装 Ruby
choco install ruby

Linux ​

bash
# 安装 rbenv
curl -fsSL https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv-installer/raw/master/bin/rbenv-installer | bash
bash
# 初始化 rbenv
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
bash
# 安装 Ruby
rbenv install 3.2.0
rbenv global 3.2.0

配置 Ruby 镜像 ​

macOS/Linux ​

bash
# 配置 gem 镜像
gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/
bash
# 安装 bundler
gem install bundler

Windows ​

powershell
# 配置 gem 镜像
gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/
powershell
# 安装 bundler
gem install bundler

2. PHP 环境 ​

安装 PHP ​

macOS ​

bash
# 安装 PHP
brew install php
bash
# 安装 Composer
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

Windows ​

powershell
# 使用 Chocolatey 安装 PHP
choco install php
powershell
# 安装 Composer
# 访问: https://getcomposer.org/download/
# 下载并安装 Composer-Setup.exe

Linux ​

bash
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install php php-cli php-fpm php-json php-common php-mysql php-zip php-gd php-mbstring php-curl php-xml php-bcmath
bash
# 安装 Composer
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

配置 PHP 镜像 ​

macOS/Linux ​

bash
# 配置 Composer 镜像
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

Windows ​

powershell
# 配置 Composer 镜像
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

3. C/C++ 环境 ​

安装编译器 ​

macOS ​

bash
# 安装 Xcode Command Line Tools
xcode-select --install
bash
# 安装 CMake
brew install cmake

Windows ​

powershell
# 安装 Visual Studio Build Tools
# 访问: https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
# 下载并安装 Build Tools
powershell
# 安装 CMake
choco install cmake

Linux ​

bash
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential cmake
bash
# 安装 gcc/g++
sudo apt install gcc g++

安装开发工具 ​

macOS ​

bash
# 安装 Make
brew install make
bash
# 安装 Ninja
brew install ninja

Windows ​

powershell
# 安装 Make
choco install make
powershell
# 安装 Ninja
choco install ninja

Linux ​

bash
# 安装 Make
sudo apt install make
bash
# 安装 Ninja
sudo apt install ninja-build

4. 其他语言 ​

Kotlin ​

macOS ​

bash
# 安装 Kotlin
brew install kotlin

Windows ​

powershell
# 安装 Kotlin
choco install kotlin

Linux ​

bash
# 安装 Kotlin
sudo snap install kotlin --classic

Scala ​

macOS ​

bash
# 安装 Scala
brew install scala

Windows ​

powershell
# 安装 Scala
choco install scala

Linux ​

bash
# 安装 Scala
sudo apt install scala

Haskell ​

macOS ​

bash
# 安装 GHCup
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://get-ghcup.haskell.org | sh

Windows ​

powershell
# 安装 GHCup
# 访问: https://www.haskell.org/ghcup/
# 下载并安装

Linux ​

bash
# 安装 GHCup
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://get-ghcup.haskell.org | sh

5. 项目配置 ​

Ruby 项目 ​

macOS/Linux ​

bash
# 创建新项目
mkdir myproject
cd myproject
bash
# 初始化 Gemfile
bundle init
bash
# 安装依赖
bundle install

Windows ​

powershell
# 创建新项目
mkdir myproject
cd myproject
powershell
# 初始化 Gemfile
bundle init
powershell
# 安装依赖
bundle install

PHP 项目 ​

macOS/Linux ​

bash
# 创建新项目
mkdir myproject
cd myproject
bash
# 初始化 Composer
composer init
bash
# 安装依赖
composer install

Windows ​

powershell
# 创建新项目
mkdir myproject
cd myproject
powershell
# 初始化 Composer
composer init
powershell
# 安装依赖
composer install

6. 配置文件 ​

Ruby .gitignore ​

macOS/Linux ​

bash
# 创建 .gitignore
touch .gitignore
bash
# 添加 Ruby 相关忽略规则
echo "# Ruby
*.gem
*.rbc
/.config
/coverage/
/InstalledFiles
/pkg/
/spec/reports/
/spec/examples.txt
/test/tmp/
/test/version_tmp/
/tmp/

# Ignore all logfiles and tempfiles.
/log/*
/tmp/*
!/log/.keep
!/tmp/.keep

# Ignore pidfiles, but keep the directory.
/tmp/pids/*
!/tmp/pids/
!/tmp/pids/.keep

# Ignore uploaded files in development.
/storage/*
!/storage/.keep

# Ignore master key for decrypting credentials and more.
/config/master.key

# Ignore application configuration.
/config/application.yml" > .gitignore

Windows ​

powershell
# 创建 .gitignore
New-Item -Path .gitignore -ItemType File
powershell
# 添加 Ruby 相关忽略规则
@"
# Ruby
*.gem
*.rbc
/.config
/coverage/
/InstalledFiles
/pkg/
/spec/reports/
/spec/examples.txt
/test/tmp/
/test/version_tmp/
/tmp/

# Ignore all logfiles and tempfiles.
/log/*
/tmp/*
!/log/.keep
!/tmp/.keep

# Ignore pidfiles, but keep the directory.
/tmp/pids/*
!/tmp/pids/
!/tmp/pids/.keep

# Ignore uploaded files in development.
/storage/*
!/storage/.keep

# Ignore master key for decrypting credentials and more.
/config/master.key

# Ignore application configuration.
/config/application.yml
"@ | Out-File -FilePath .gitignore -Encoding UTF8

✅ 验证安装 ​

完成安装后，验证以下工具是否正常工作：

macOS/Linux ​

bash
# 检查 Ruby
ruby --version
gem --version
bash
# 检查 PHP
php --version
composer --version
bash
# 检查 GCC
gcc --version
g++ --version
bash
# 检查 CMake
cmake --version

Windows ​

powershell
# 检查 Ruby
ruby --version
gem --version
powershell
# 检查 PHP
php --version
composer --version
powershell
# 检查 GCC
gcc --version
g++ --version
powershell
# 检查 CMake
cmake --version

🎉 下一步 ​

其他编程语言环境配置完成后，你已经拥有了一个功能完整的多语言开发环境！

遇到问题？ 查看 问题排查 页面。

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